Unit 16- Film and video Editing techniques
What is editing- Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audio and film media to convey information. There are many different styles of editing and often varies for different genres.
Origins (Pioneers of editing)-
The Lumieres brothers- Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas and Louis Jean were among the first filmmakers in history. The brothers were French inventors and pioneer manufacturers of photographic equipment. They devised an early motion picture camera called the cinematograph, had lent its name to an exciting new form of art and entertainment. The advantage of this was that it was the world first video camera, which could record, print, and project.
They are most famous for their first film they produce which was the workers leaving the Lumiere factory in 1895. http://www.openculture.com/2014/08/watch-the-films-of-the-lumiere-brothers-the-birth-of-cinema-1895.html
George Melies- Marie George Jean Melies, also known as George Melies was a French illusionist and film director who led many technical and narrative developments in the early days of cinema. He was also one of the first filmmakers to use a storyboard. Melies was a prolific innovator in the use of special effects, popularising such techniques as, multiple exposures, time lapse photography, dissolves, and hand painted colour.
George Melies was most famous for his film 'A trip to the moon'. The first science fiction film, full of innovative uses of animation and special effects, including the already mentioned shot of a spaceship landing on the moon’s eye. The film was one of the most expensive and longest films at the time—at 15 minutes—and is one of the milestones of cinematic history. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FrdVdKlxUk
Continuity editing: A system of cutting used to maintain continuous and clear narrative action by following a set of rules which is, Establishing shot, Shot reverse shot, 180 degree rule, 30 degree rule, crosscutting, Match on action, Eye-line matching, and Re- establishing shot.
Establishing Shot- A long shot or extreme long shot, usually with loose framing, that shows the spatial relations between the important figures, object, and settings in a scene.
180 degree rule- The angle between any two consecutive shots should not exceed 180, in order to maintain spatial relationships between people and objects in any given sequence of shots.
30 degree rule- The angle between two consecutive shots should not be less than 30 degrees, in order to maintain spatial relationships between people and objects in any given sequence of shots.
Crosscutting- Editing that alternates between shots occurring simultaneously in two or more different location.
Match on action- A cut between two shots that places two different framings of the same action next to each other, make it seem to continue uninterrupted.
Re-Establishing shot- A shot that returns to a view of a space or location after a series of clues ups.
Relational editing- Pudovkin's five relational editing techniques are Contrast, Parallelism, Symbolism, Simultaneity, and Lei Motif.
Contrast- Contrast forces the viewer to compare the opposing scenes in their mind.
Parallelism- Parallelism is often used to jump from one time period or a location to another.
Symbolism- A visual or auditory representation of another object. The use of one object or action to represent or suggest something else.
Simultaneity- as action occurring at the same time in two different locations, the camera will cut away from one action to another, which can suggest the simultaneity of these two actions.
Lei Motif- Lei Motif is a theme or other coherent idea, repeated to associate with a particular idea, person or situation. It is a technique that accompanies the reappearance of a person, object or situation. Clearly defined so as to retain its identity if modified on subsequent appearances, and who's purpose is to represent pr symbolise a person, object, place, ideas, and state of mind.
Origins (Pioneers of editing)-
The Lumieres brothers- Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas and Louis Jean were among the first filmmakers in history. The brothers were French inventors and pioneer manufacturers of photographic equipment. They devised an early motion picture camera called the cinematograph, had lent its name to an exciting new form of art and entertainment. The advantage of this was that it was the world first video camera, which could record, print, and project.
They are most famous for their first film they produce which was the workers leaving the Lumiere factory in 1895. http://www.openculture.com/2014/08/watch-the-films-of-the-lumiere-brothers-the-birth-of-cinema-1895.html
George Melies was most famous for his film 'A trip to the moon'. The first science fiction film, full of innovative uses of animation and special effects, including the already mentioned shot of a spaceship landing on the moon’s eye. The film was one of the most expensive and longest films at the time—at 15 minutes—and is one of the milestones of cinematic history. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FrdVdKlxUk
Continuity editing: A system of cutting used to maintain continuous and clear narrative action by following a set of rules which is, Establishing shot, Shot reverse shot, 180 degree rule, 30 degree rule, crosscutting, Match on action, Eye-line matching, and Re- establishing shot.
Establishing Shot- A long shot or extreme long shot, usually with loose framing, that shows the spatial relations between the important figures, object, and settings in a scene.
180 degree rule- The angle between any two consecutive shots should not exceed 180, in order to maintain spatial relationships between people and objects in any given sequence of shots.
30 degree rule- The angle between two consecutive shots should not be less than 30 degrees, in order to maintain spatial relationships between people and objects in any given sequence of shots.
Crosscutting- Editing that alternates between shots occurring simultaneously in two or more different location.
Match on action- A cut between two shots that places two different framings of the same action next to each other, make it seem to continue uninterrupted.
Re-Establishing shot- A shot that returns to a view of a space or location after a series of clues ups.
Relational editing- Pudovkin's five relational editing techniques are Contrast, Parallelism, Symbolism, Simultaneity, and Lei Motif.
Contrast- Contrast forces the viewer to compare the opposing scenes in their mind.
Parallelism- Parallelism is often used to jump from one time period or a location to another.
Symbolism- A visual or auditory representation of another object. The use of one object or action to represent or suggest something else.
Simultaneity- as action occurring at the same time in two different locations, the camera will cut away from one action to another, which can suggest the simultaneity of these two actions.
Lei Motif- Lei Motif is a theme or other coherent idea, repeated to associate with a particular idea, person or situation. It is a technique that accompanies the reappearance of a person, object or situation. Clearly defined so as to retain its identity if modified on subsequent appearances, and who's purpose is to represent pr symbolise a person, object, place, ideas, and state of mind.
Comments
Post a Comment